- – Punishment: Hình phạt
- – Corporal/physical punishment: Nhục hình
- – Capital punishment: Án tử hình
- – Penalty: Hình phạt, tiền phạt
- – Death penalty: Án tử hình
- – Capital offence: Tội tử hình
- – Penal servitude: Tội khổ sai
- – Penal servitude for life: Tội khổ sai chung thân
- – Hard labor (Mỹ), hard labour (Anh): Tội khổ sai
- – Hard labour for life: Tội khổ sai chung thân
- – Life (imprisonment): Tù chung thân
- – Chastisement: Hình phạt nghiêm khắc
- – Custody: Tạm giam
- – Community service: Lao động công ích
- – Detention: Sự giam giữ/cấm túc
- – Fine: Tiền phạt
- – House arrest: Quản thúc tại gia
- – Apologising to the victim: Xin lỗi nạn nhân
- – Loss of citizenship: Mất quyền công nhân
- – Compensation or other reparations to the victim(s): Bồi thường thiệt hại cho nạn nhân
- – Blocking/freezing access to bank account(s): Đóng băng tài khoản ngân hàng
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| Thuật Ngữ Pháp Lý về Hình Phạt |
Các ví dụ
- – The punishment he suffered was terrible.
- – What is the punishment for this crime?
- – Corporal punishment can include beating a criminal.
- – Capital punishment can be by hanging or shooting.
- – The member states have reaffirmed the Union’s opposition to capital punishment.
- – Murder used to be a capital offence in Britain.
- – The murder was sentenced to penal servitude for eight years/for life.
- – He was sentenced to 4 years’ hard labour.
- – The sentence was life imprisonment.
- – He was given life.
- – Many people believe that capital punishment is a deterrent to murder.
- – Chastisement is often not the best way to improve someone’s character.
- – The fine for what he did was $20.
- – She was placed under house arrest.
- – Nine familial exterminations: Tru di cữu tộc
- – Execution by elephant: Voi giày
- – Castration: Cung hình
- – Lingchi/death by a thousand cuts: Tùng xẻo, lăng trì
- – Dismemberment by 4 horses: Tứ mã phân/phanh thây
- – Động từ: Hình phạt
- – Punish: Phạt
- – Penalize: Phạt
- – Chasten: Trừng phạt (ai) để sửa chữa
- – Chastise: Trừng phạt (ai) nghiêm khắc
- – Persecute: Ngược đãi, khủng bố
- – Victimize: Bắt nạt, trù dập
- – Castigate: Chỉ trích hoặc trừng phạt (ai) nghiêm khắc
- – Make an example of: Phạt (ai)
- – Give (s.e) a lesson/ to (s.e):
- – Serve one right (for doing sth): Đáng đời (ai) vì đã làm gì.
Các ví dụ
- – Anyone who broke these rulers was severely punished.
- – People who drive when they are drunk should be heavily penalized.
- – 5 years in prison had not chastened him.
- – The father chastised his wicked son with a whip.
- – The Romans persecuted the early Christians, often causing them to be eaten by lions.
- – Stop victimizing these men just because they tell the truth.
- – He castigated himself for being so stupid.
- – The judge decided to make an example of the young vandals and gave them each a year in prison.
- – I’m going to teach him a lesson. He’ll never dare to talk to me like that!
- – Left you, did she? It serves you right for being so selfish.
Động từ và danh từ: Hình phạt bằng roi, gậy
- – Beat: Đánh nhiều lần bằng roi, gậy….
- – Thrash: Đánh đòn, đánh đập
- – Whip: Đánh người/vật bằng roi nhất là để trừng phạt
- – Flog: Quất bằng roi
- – Lash: Quất bằng roi
- – Cane: Đánh (ai) bằng roi, gậy
Các ví dụ
- – Beat him hard; he deserves to be punished.
- – The man was beaten to death with heavy sticks.
- – He gave the man a beating.
- – They thrashed him until he could not stand.
- – “That man deserves/ a whipping/to be whipped!” he said.
- – Flog him! The sailor was flogged for not doing as he was told.
- – They gave the prisoner 20 lashes.
- – The teacher caned the boy.
Động từ và danh từ: Trục xuất
- – Banish: Trục xuất, đày biệt xứ
- – Banishment: Sự trục xuất
- – Exile (v & n): Đày ải (ai)/cảnh tha hương, cảnh sống lưu vong
- – Extradite: Dẫn độ
- – Extradition: Sự dẫn độ
- – Expatriate: Đày biệt xứ
- – Deport: Trục xuất, đày đi
- – Deportation: Sự trục xuất
Các ví dụ
- – He was banished (from his homeland) for life.
- – They exiled Napoleon to the island of St Helena.
- – The British government attempted to extradite the suspects from Belgium.
- – He was extradited from France to Britain to stand trial for murder.
- – He was expatriated on suspicion of spying for the enemy.
- – He was convicted of drug offences and deported.
- – Years ago, convicted criminals could face deportation to Australia.
Danh từ: Giảm án và (tạm) tha
- – Remission: Giảm án (nhờ có hạnh kiểm tốt)
- – Commutation of sentence: Giảm án
- – Pardon: Sự giải tội
- – Amnesty: Lệnh ân xá
- – Parole: Lời cam kết
- – Probation: Sự thử thách
Các ví dụ
- – He got 3 years’ remission (of sentence) for good behaviour.
- – There cannot be any remission for him; his crimes were too grave.
- – He was granted a pardon after new evidence had proved his innocences.
- – The new governor declared a total amnesty for political offenders.
- – He was let out of prison for a week on parole to see his sick wife.
- – He was on 3 years’ probation.
- – The accused was sentenced to one year probation.
Động từ: Liên quan đến hình phạt
- – Serve (a sentence): Ở tù, ngồi tù, thụ án
- – Parole: Tạm tha
- – Commute: Giảm án
- – Remmit: Giảm án
- – Pardon: Tạm tha, được tha
Các ví dụ
- – The prisoner served his sentence and was released.
- – He was paroled last week.
- – His death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment.
- – His sentence was remmited by 3 years for good behaviour.
- – He was publicly pardoned for his crimes.
Danh từ: Sự hành hình
- – Execution: Sự hành hình
- – Boiling to death: Đun vạc dầu
- – Breaking wheel: Phanh thây
- – Burial alive: Thiêu sống
- – Burning: Lên giàn hỏa
- – Hanging: Treo cổ
- – Decapitation: Chặt/chém đầu
- – Falling: Ném từ trên cao xuống đất, ném xuống vực, ném xuống hố
- – Flaying: Lột da
- – Firing squad: Đội hành quyết, đội xử bắn
- – Crucifixion: Sự đóng đinh trên thập tự giá
- – The (electric) chair: Ghế điện
- – Gallows: Giá Treo cổ
- – Garrote: Thắt cổ
- – Scaffold: Đoạn đầu đài
- – Guillotine: Máy chém.
- – Garrotte: Thắt cổ
- – Gas chamber: Buồng hơi ngạt
- – Immurement: Giam đói khát trong ngục
- – Impalement: Đóng cọc qua người
- – Lethal injection: Tiêm thuốc độc
- – Harakiri/seppuku [Nhật]: Sự mổ bụng tự sát
- – Disembowelment: Mổ bụng
- – Dismemberment: Chặt tay, chặt chân và các bộ phận cơ thể
- – Electrocution: Lên ghế điện
- – Poisoning: Cho uống thuốc độc
- – Stoning: Ném đá
Các ví dụ
- – She faced execution by hanging for murder.
- – Over 200 executions were carried out last year.
- – She was sentenced to death by hanging.
- – He was executed by (a) firing-squad.
- – He was sent to the electric chair.
- – She faced death by the electric chair.
- – It was common to send a man to the gallows for such crimes.
- – He paid (the price) for his crime on the gallows.
- – You will go to the scaffold if you kill her!
- – She went to the guillotine in the French revolution.
- – He was sentenced to death by electrocution.
- – He has been sentenced to death by lethal injection.
- – He died in the gas chamber.
Động từ: Hành hình
- – Execute: Hành hình
- – Hang: Treo cổ
- – Behead: Chặt/chém đầu
- – Guillotine: Sử dụng máy chém với (ai)
- – Decapitate: Chặt đầu
- – Crucify: Đóng đinh trên thập tự giá
Các ví dụ
- – He was executed for treason.
- – They executed murderers in those days.
- – They carried the execution at dawn.
- – In those days a man could be hanged by the neck until dead.
- – The executioner beheaded the prisoner with an axe.
- – The man was guillotined.
- – The prisoners were all decapitated.
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