Sổ tay pháp lý: Bài 5 - Giới từ trong lĩnh vực tiếng Anh Pháp lý

Giới từ + (the/a) law

1. Above
2. Against
3. By
4. Under the law
5. Under a/these
6. Within

1. Above the law: Đứng trên luật.
Ví dụ:

No one is above the law.
Don’t think you are above the law.
She acts as if she’s above the law.
The judgement underlines the point that nobody, not even the executive, is above the law.

2. Against the law: Trái luật, phạm luật
Ví dụ:

Stealing is against the law.
That’s against the law.
In Sweden, it is against the law to hit a child.
Child recruitment is against the law in Nepal.
It is against the law to discriminate against someone because of their race or sex.
It is against the law for children to work before they are fifteen.
What you did was clearly against the law.

Giới từ trong lĩnh vực tiếng Anh Pháp lý

3. By law: Theo luật
Ví dụ

Chilren not admitted – by law.
British schools are now required by law to publish their exam results.
Employers are required by law to provide a safe working environment.
The wearing of seatbelt in cars is required by law.
By law, a company like British Gas has to hold a meeting of its shareholders once a year.

4. Under the law: Dưới pháp luật
Ví dụ

The Constitution specifies that all people are equal under the law.

5. Under a law/these laws: Theo một điều luật/theo những điều luật này
Ví dụ

Persons convicted under these laws can receive up to two years’imprisonment.

6. Within the law: Đúng luật
Ví dụ

The company is operating entirely within the law.
Defence attorneys can use any means within the law to get their client off.
Transparency International gives the highest rating to regimes that always act within the law.

Law + giới từ

1. Law on: Điều luật về
Ví dụ

The law on compulsory seat belts has been a success.
The government has introduced some tough new law on food hygien.
A law on hunting will cause a lot of disagreement.

2. Law against: Điều luật phản/chống đối
Ví dụ

A local law against keeping horses
Laws against sex discrimination and increased support for child care helped open up the workplace to women.

Cụm giới từ

1. According to
2. In accordance with
3. Pursuant to
4. Subject to
5. Without prejudice to
6. With prejudice
7. Without prejudice
8. In the event that/in the event of
9. In case/in case of
10. As of:
11. Due to
12. Owing to

1. According to: Theo (nguồn tin)
Ví dụ

According to the bylaws, the board of directors has five members.

2. In accordance with: Tuân thủ, tuân theo, theo đúng (luật, điều luật)
Ví dụ

The decision to declare a dividend was adopted by the board of directors in accordance with bylaws.

3. Pursuant to: Chiếu theo, căn cứ theo
Ví dụ

This bid is submitted pursuant to the laws of New York State.
A complaint was made pursuant to section 13 of the Act of 1987.

4. Subject to: Tuân theo, dựa theo, dưới quyền của ai
Ví dụ

In all jurisdictions, financial agreements are subject to the law of contract.
We are subject to the law of the land.
Subject to the terms to this Agreement, the Producer agrees to be bound by the terms to the following marketing agreement.

5. Without prejudice to: Không xâm hại, không gây thương tổn đến ai
Ví dụ

The code is to be applied without prejudice to the rights of refugees.
The offer was accepted without prejudice to the current pay negotiations.
The firm agreed to pay compensation without prejudice (không bị truy cứu).

6. With prejudice: Không cho quyền kiện

Dismiss(al) with prejudice: Bác bỏ nhưng cho quyền kiện trở lại

Ví dụ

All pending lawsuits between the two companies will be dismissed with prejudice.

7. Without prejudice: Cho quyền kiện trở lại

Dismiss(al) without prejudice: Bác bỏ nhưng cho quyền kiện trở lại

Ví dụ

The findings were accepted without prejudice.

8. In the event that/in the event of: Nếu điều gì đó xảy ra
Ví dụ

In the event that deficiencies in the Equipment become evident, such deficiencies shall be corrected by ABC during the two days per week during which the Purchaser will not be testing.
In the event of an accident, call this number.

9. In case/in case of
Ví dụ

In case no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the case shall then be submitted to the Arbitration Tribunal of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce in accordance with the Arbitration Rules and Procedure of the said Tribunal.
In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.
In case of any divergence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail.

10. As from/of: Từ, tính từ + thời điểm/ngày tháng
Ví dụ

The new land on employment is in force as from/of midnight tonight.
We shall have a new address as from/of 12 May.

11. Due to: Do ai, cái gì/vì ai, cái gì
Ví dụ

The office is closed tomorrow due to a public holiday.

12. Owing to: Do ai, cái gì/vì ai, cái gì
Ví dụ

The advice given to the client was amended owing to a recent decision of the Court of Appeal.

Động từ + giới từ

1. Abide by: Làm theo/tuân theo cái gì
Ví dụ

You’ll have to abide by the rules of the club.
We will abide by their decision.

2. Accuse sb of sth: Buộc tội ai

* Be accused of sth: Bị buộc tội

Ví dụ

The police accused him of cheating/theft.
* He was accused of cheating/theft.

3. Acquit sb of sth: Tha bổng cho ai

* Be acquitted of sth: Được tha bổng, được trắng án

Ví dụ

The jury acquitted him of murder.
To her relief, she was acquitted of all the charges laid against her.

4. Appeal to sth against sth: Chống án
Ví dụ

She appealed to the high court against her sentence.

5. Arrest sb for (doing) sth: Bắt ai vì (đã) làm gì

* Be arrested for (doing sth): Bị bắt vì (đã) làm gì

Ví dụ

Police arrested them for their dangerous driving.
* They were arrested for their dangerous driving.

6. Behead sb with: Chặt đầu ai đó bằng
Ví dụ

The executioner beheaded him with an axe.

7. Bequeath sth to sb: Để cái gì lại cho ai
Ví dụ

She bequeathed everything to him.

8. Blackmail sb (into doing sth): Hăm dọa ai
Ví dụ

Don’t you think you can blackmail me (into doing what you want). I’ll report you to the police.

9. Book sb for sth: Ghi tên phạt ai vì tội gì

* Be booked for sth: Bị ghi tên phạt vì tội gì

Ví dụ

The police booked me for speeding.
I was booked for speeding.

10. Charge sb with sth: Buộc ai tội gì

* Be charged of: Bị buộc tội

Ví dụ

The police charged him with theft.
He was charged with theft.

11. Cheat sb out of sth: Lừa gạt ai để lấy cái gì
Ví dụ

He accused of his employer of deliberately trying to cheat him out of his redundancy money.

12. Clear sb of sth: Chứng minh ai vô tội

* Be cleared of sth: Được chứng minh là vô tôi

Ví dụ

The lawyer cleared him of the charge.
She was cleared of all charges against her.

13. Convict sb of sth: Kết tội ai, kết án ai

* Be convicted of: Bị kết tội

Ví dụ

The jury convicted him of money laundering.
The jury convicted the defendant of murder.
The defendant was convicted of murder.

14. Detain sb for sth: Giam giữ ai
Ví dụ

The police detained two men for questioning.

15. Deter sb from (doing) sth: Ngăn ngừa ai làm gì
Ví dụ

We may deter other from doing the same thing.

16. Defraud sb of sth: Lừa gạt ai cái gì
Ví dụ

She defrauded her brother of his share of the land.
She defrauded her employers of thousands of pounds.

17. Extort sth (money) from sb: Tống tiền ai
Ví dụ

He extorted the money from her by threats and blackmail
Smith was arrested on suspicion of having extorted property and money from at least 18 clients.

18. Legislate for/against/on sth: Xây dựng luật để chống lại
Ví dụ